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Amazon releases 51-language dataset for language understanding

MASSIVE dataset and Massively Multilingual NLU (MMNLU-22) competition and workshop will help researchers scale natural-language-understanding technology to every language on Earth.

By Jack G. M. FitzGerald
April 20, 2022
6 min read
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Imagine that all people around the world could use voice AI systems such as Alexa in their native tongues.

Multilingual Alexa.png
The MASSIVE dataset is a step toward the creation of multilingual natural-language-understanding models that can generalize easily to new languages.

One promising approach to realizing this vision is massively multilingual natural-language understanding (MMNLU), a paradigm in which a single machine learning model can parse and understand inputs from many typologically diverse languages. By learning a shared data representation that spans languages, the model can transfer knowledge from languages with abundant training data to those in which training data is scarce.

Today we are pleased to make three announcements related to MMNLU.

First, we are releasing a new dataset called MASSIVE, which is composed of one million labeled utterances spanning 51 languages, along with open-source code, which provides examples of how to perform massively multilingual NLU modeling and allows practitioners to re-create baseline results for intent classification and slot filling that are presented in our paper..

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Second, we are launching a new competition using the MASSIVE dataset called Massively Multilingual NLU 2022 (MMNLU-22).

And third, we will cohost a workshop at EMNLP 2022 in Abu Dhabi and online, also called Massively Multilingual NLU 2022, which will highlight the results from the competition and include presentations from invited speakers and oral and poster sessions from submitted papers on multilingual natural-language processing (NLP).

“We are very excited to share this large multilingual dataset with the worldwide language research community,” says Prem Natarajan, vice president of Alexa AI Natural Understanding. “We hope that this dataset will enable researchers across the world to drive new advances in multilingual language understanding that expand the availability and reach of conversational-AI technologies.”

The MASSIVE dataset

MASSIVE is a parallel dataset, meaning that every utterance is given in all 51 languages. This enables models to learn shared representations of utterances with the same intents, regardless of language, facilitating cross-linguistic training on natural-language-understanding (NLU) tasks. It also allows for adaptation to other NLP tasks such as machine translation, multilingual paraphrasing, new linguistic analyses of imperative morphologies, and more.

The architecture of our slot-filling and intent classification model
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NLU — a subdiscipline of NLP — is a machine's ability to understand the meaning of a text and identify the relevant entities. For instance, given the utterance “What is the temperature in New York?”, an NLU model might classify the intent as “weather_query” and recognize relevant entities as “weather_descriptor: temperature” and “place_name: new york.”

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Our particular focus is on NLU as a component of spoken-language understanding (SLU), in which audio is converted to text before NLU is performed. Although SLU-based virtual assistants like Alexa have made major capability advances in the past decade, academic and industrial NLU efforts worldwide are still limited to a small subset of the world's 7,000+ languages. One difficulty in creating massively multilingual NLU models is the lack of labeled data for training and evaluation — particularly data that is realistic for a given task and natural for a given language. High naturalness typically requires human vetting, which is often costly.

MASSIVE — Multilingual Amazon SLURP (SLU resource package) for Slot Filling, Intent Classification, and Virtual-Assistant Evaluation — contains one million realistic, parallel, labeled virtual-assistant text utterances spanning 51 languages, 18 domains, 60 intents, and 55 slots. MASSIVE was created by tasking professional translators to localize or translate the English-only SLURP dataset into 50 typologically diverse languages from 29 genera, including low-resource languages.

Name

# Lang

Utt/Lang

Domains

Intents

Slots

MASSIVE

51

19,521

18

60

55

SLURP (Bastianelli et al., 2020)

1

16,521

18

60

55

NLU Evaluation Data (Liu et al., 2019)

1

25,716

18

54

56

Airline Travel Information System (ATIS) (Price, 1990)

1

5,871

1

26

129

ATIS with Hindi and Turkish (Upadhyay et al., 2018)

3

1,315-5,871

1

26

129

MultiATIS++ (Xu et al., 2020)

9

1,422-5,897

1

21-26

99-140

Snips (Coucke et al., 2018)

1

14,484

-

7

53

Snips with French (Saade et al., 2019)

2

4,818

2

14-15

11-12

Task Oriented Parsing (TOP) (Gupta et al., 2018)

1

44,873

2

25

36

Multilingual Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing
(MTOP) (Li et al., 2021)

6

15,195-22,288

11

104-113

72-75

Cross-Lingual Multilingual Task Oriented Dialog
(Schuster et al., 2019)

3

5,083-43,323

3

12

11

Microsoft Dialog Challenge (Li et al., 2018)

1

38,276

3

11

29

Fluent Speech Commands (FSC)
(Lugosch et al., 2019)

1

30,043

-

31

-

Chinese Audio-Textual Spoken Language
Understanding (CATSLU) (Zhu et al., 2019)

1

16,258

4

-

94

We have released a paper describing the dataset and presenting baseline modeling results on XLM-R and mT5 models. Tools for the dataset, as well as the modeling code used for our baseline results, are available in our Github repository. MASSIVE is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license, encouraging its broadest possible use across academia and industry.

MMNLU competition and workshop

The MASSIVE leaderboard and the Massively Multilingual NLU 2022 competition, hosted on eval.ai, are composed of two tasks. In the first, called MMNLU-22-Full, each competitor trains and tests a single model on all 51 languages of the full MASSIVE dataset. In the second task, called MMNLU-22-ZeroShot, each competitor fine-tunes a pretrained model only with English-labeled data and tests it on all 50 non-English languages.

Locale-agnostic_architecture.png._CB462220682_.png
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This assesses the model’s ability to generalize to new languages, an important consideration given the number of languages around the world for which there is little-to-no labeled data. Zero-shot learning is a key technology for scaling NLU technology to many more low-resource languages worldwide.

The permanent MASSIVE leaderboard has been launched, and on July 25 the Massively Multilingual NLU 2022 evaluation split will be released. Participants will then have until August 8 to perform inference on the evaluation set and submit their predictions, which will be used to determine the winners. Winners will be invited to give an oral presentation at the Massively Multilingual NLU 2022 workshop.

The Massively Multilingual NLU 2022 workshop is collocated with EMNLP 2022 and will take place on either December 7 or 8, both in person in Abu Dhabi and online. Paper submissions spanning the breadth of multilingualism in NLU are sought, and the first call for papers will be released soon. The workshop will feature speakers on various topics related to multilingualism and NLU, as well as talks from the top performers from the MMNLU-22 competition.

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Let’s scale natural-language-understanding technology to every language on Earth. Come build with us!

Acknowledgments

Christopher Hench, Charith Peris, Scott Mackie, Kay Rottmann, Ana Sanchez, Aaron Nash, Liam Urbach, Vishesh Kakarala, Richa Singh, Swetha Ranganath, Laurie Crist, Misha Britan, Wouter Leeuwis, Gokhan Tur, and Prem Natarajan for core dataset contributions; Andrew Turner for product and program management; Anna-Karin Johansson for vendor management; Saleh Soltan for text-to-text modeling discussions; Anne Yoder, Zheng Xie, Adeetee Bhide, Misa Sunaga, Trang Doan, and Satyam Dwivedi for program management and language expertise; Wayne Blossom, Brendan Egan, Columbine Marshall, Todd Tieuli, and Augusta Niles for creating the hidden evaluation split of the dataset; Jack FitzGerald, Kay Rottmann, Julia Hirschberg, Anna Rumshisky, and Mohit Bansal for workshop organization; and Charith Peris and Jack FitzGerald for leaderboard and competition setup.

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About the Author
Jack G. M. FitzGerald
Jack G. M. FitzGerald is a senior applied scientist in the Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) organization at Amazon and has a background in machine learning, physics, and tech leadership. He currently focuses on large-language-model pretraining and adaptation, multilingual modeling, optimized distributed training, and efficient modeling operations.

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AI Asset Discovery & Inventory Research and build scalable techniques to automatically discover, identify, and catalog all AI-enabled applications and services across the company—maintaining a comprehensive, continuously updated database of AI assets. Key job responsibilities Invent • Identify and frame new research challenges in AI security where problems are ill-defined and require novel scientific paradigms at the product level. • Drive the team's scientific agenda for agent monitoring, validation research, and AI asset discovery; propose new initiatives and secure leadership buy-in. • Publish research results at peer-reviewed internal and external venues (e.g., USENIX Security, IEEE S&P, NeurIPS, ICML security workshops) when appropriate. • Articulate key scientific challenges of current and future AI security threats and present interventions to address them. • Make trade-offs between short-term tactical security needs and long-term research investments. Implement • Lead the design, implementation, and successful delivery of scientifically complex security solutions into production—both brand new systems and evolutions of existing ones. • Write significant portions of critical-path code for detection models, validation engines, and asset discovery / classification systems. • Independently assess and select appropriate technologies (e.g., streaming inference frameworks, graph-based anomaly detection, NLP-based service classification, code/traffic analysis for AI fingerprinting) for production systems. • Drive adoption of best practices in scientific methodology and software engineering across the team; provide insightful peer reviews of code, design, and architecture artifacts. • Deliver solutions that are inventive, maintainable, scalable, and extensible. Influence • Autonomously drive discussions with security engineers, product managers, and scientist peers across multiple teams. • Build consensus on larger cross-team security initiatives and factor complex efforts into independent workstreams. • Proactively identify and resolve endemic problems, including areas where current security tooling limits innovation of partner teams. • Actively recruit, mentor, and develop other scientists; provide technical assessments for promotions. • Contribute to the broader internal and external scientific communities as a subject matter expert in AI security. About the team Diverse Experiences Amazon Security values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying. Why Amazon Security? At Amazon, security is central to maintaining customer trust and delivering delightful customer experiences. Our organization is responsible for creating and maintaining a high bar for security across all of Amazon’s products and services. We offer talented security professionals the chance to accelerate their careers with opportunities to build experience in a wide variety of areas including cloud, devices, retail, entertainment, healthcare, operations, and physical stores. Inclusive Team Culture In Amazon Security, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Ongoing DEI events and learning experiences inspire us to continue learning and to embrace our uniqueness. Addressing the toughest security challenges requires that we seek out and celebrate a diversity of ideas, perspectives, and voices. Training & Career Growth We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, training, and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. Work/Life Balance We value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why flexible work hours and arrangements are part of our culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve.
Sr Applied Scientist, Ring AI
US, CA, Sunnyvale
Are you a passionate scientist who wants to build AI agents that make a real difference in people's lives? At Ring, our mission is to make neighborhoods safer, and we believe agentic AI will change how customers interact with their homes and communities. You'll invent agents that reason about real-world situations, take meaningful action, and keep customers in control, and then you'll see them reach millions of households. As an Applied Scientist, you'll work with talented peers to push the frontier of agentic AI. You'll build agents that turn the multimodal signals captured by Ring devices into understanding and action. You'll tackle open problems in planning, tool use, learning from feedback, and reliability, taking ideas from research all the way to deployment at scale. You'll collaborate with teams across Amazon to advance the science of customer experiences through highly optimized, integrated hardware and software platforms. Key job responsibilities - Design, develop, and deploy LLM-based agents that plan and carry out multi-step tasks for customers using tools, services, and device data. - Advance the state of the art in agent capabilities such as planning, tool use, memory, and learning from feedback (e.g., RL and agent fine-tuning), and publish where appropriate. - Partner with engineering, product, and science teams to turn research into agent-driven experiences that help keep homes and neighborhoods safer.
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