Careers

Amazon is looking for a passionate, talented, and inventive Principle Applied Scientist with a strong background in NLP, generative AI, and agentic AI. As part of the Business Intelligence Applications organization in AWS AI/ML you will develop advanced modeling techniques to derive insights from vast collections of structured and unstructured data via natural language based interaction. You will play a technical leadership role and contribute to advancing the state of the art in areas such as information retrieval, RAG, large language models, reasoning and planning, tabular search, personalization, and multimodality. You will act as a hands-on contributor as well as a technical mentor to junior scientists and help drive the scientific roadmap. You will work with product and engineering teams to productionize your approaches within a large-scale environment that serves millions of customers. Key job responsibilities: • Distill customer requirements and feedback into fundamental science problems • Develop cutting-edge solutions that advance the state of the art • Rapidly implement and prototype novel solutions • Collaborate with software engineering teams to deploy finished solutions into production • Mentor junior scientists • Participate in strategic planning A successful candidate has excellent technical depth, scientific vision, great implementation skills, a results-driven, collaborative mindset, and a passion for solving real-world problems. About the team: The Business Intelligence Applications organization develops innovative scientific solutions that enable customers to derive insights from large, heterogeneous collections of enterprise data sources. We develop the next generation of generative AI-based enterprise assistants and data analytics products. About the team About AWS Diverse Experiences AWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the preferred qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying. Why AWS? Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses. Inclusive Team Culture Here at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness. Mentorship & Career Growth We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. Work/Life Balance We value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud. This team is part of AWS Utility Computing: Utility Computing (UC) AWS Utility Computing (UC) provides product innovations — from foundational services such as Amazon’s Simple Storage Service (S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), to consistently released new product innovations that continue to set AWS’s services and features apart in the industry. As a member of the UC organization, you’ll support the development and management of Compute, Database, Storage, Internet of Things (Iot), Platform, and Productivity Apps services in AWS, including support for customers who require specialized security solutions for their cloud services.

Amazon is investing heavily in building a world class advertising business and developing a collection of self-service performance advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our products are strategically important to our Retail and Marketplace businesses for driving long-term growth. We deliver billions of ad impressions and millions of clicks daily and are breaking fresh ground to create world-class products. We are highly motivated, collaborative and fun-loving with an entrepreneurial spirit and bias for action. With a broad mandate to experiment and innovate, we are growing at an unprecedented rate with a seemingly endless range of new opportunities. Sponsored Products DP Experience and Market place org is looking for a strong Senior Applied Scientist who has a track-record of performing deep analysis and is passionate about applying advanced ML and statistical techniques to solve real-world, ambiguous and complex challenges to optimize and improve the product performance, and who is motivated to achieve results in a fast-paced environment. The position offers an exceptional opportunity to grow your technical and non-technical skills and make a real difference to the Amazon Advertising business. As a Senior Applied Scientist on this team, you will: * Be the technical leader in Machine Learning; lead efforts within this team and collaborate across teams * Rapidly design, prototype and test many possible hypotheses in a high-ambiguity environment, perform hands-on analysis and modeling of enormous data sets to develop insights that improve shopper experiences and merchandise sales * Drive end-to-end Machine Learning projects that have a high degree of ambiguity, scale, complexity. * Build machine learning models, perform proof-of-concept, experiment, optimize, and deploy your models into production; work closely with software engineers to assist in productionizing your ML models. * Establish scalable, efficient, automated processes for large-scale data analysis, machine-learning model development, model validation and serving. * Research new and innovative machine learning approaches. * Promote the culture of experimentation and applied science at Amazon About the team About the team Sponsored Products (SP) is Amazon's largest and fastest growing business. Over the last few years we grown to a multi-billion dollar business. SP ads are shown prominently throughout search and detail pages, allowing shoppers to seamlessly discover products sold on Amazon. Ad experience and market place is one of the highest impact decisions we make. This role has unparalleled opportunity to grow our marketplace and deliver value for advertisers and shoppers. You will invent new experiences and influence customer-facing shopping experiences; this is your opportunity to work within the fastest-growing businesses across all of Amazon!

We are seeking a passionate, talented, and inventive individual to join the Applied AI team and help build industry-leading technologies that customers will love. This team offers a unique opportunity to make a significant impact on the customer experience and contribute to the design, architecture, and implementation of a cutting-edge product. Key job responsibilities On our team you will push the boundaries of ML and Generative AI techniques to scale the inputs for hundreds of billions of dollars of annual revenue for our eCommerce business. If you have a passion for AI technologies, a drive to innovate and a desire to make a meaningful impact, we invite you to become a valued member of our team. We are seeking an experienced Scientist who combines superb technical, research, analytical and leadership capabilities with a demonstrated ability to get the right things done quickly and effectively. This person must be comfortable working with a team of top-notch developers and collaborating with our research teams. We’re looking for someone who innovates, and loves solving hard problems. You will be expected to have an established background in building highly scalable systems and system design, great communication skills, and a motivation to achieve results in a fast-paced environment. You should be somebody who enjoys working on complex problems, is customer-centric, and feels strongly about building good software as well as making that software achieve its operational goals. A day in the life You will be responsible for developing and maintaining the systems and tools that enable us to accelerate knowledge operations and work in the intersection of Science and Engineering. You will push the boundaries of ML and Generative AI techniques to scale the inputs for hundreds of billions of dollars of annual revenue for our eCommerce business. If you have a passion for AI technologies, a drive to innovate and a desire to make a meaningful impact, we invite you to become a valued member of our team. About the team The mission of the Applied AI team is to enable organizations within Worldwide Amazon.com Stores to accelerate the adoption of AI technologies across various parts of our business. We are looking for an Applied Scientist to join our Applied AI team to work on LLM-based solutions.

Futures Design is the advanced concept design and incubation team within Amazon’s Device and Services Design Group (DDG). We are responsible for exploring and defining think (very) big opportunities globally and locally — so that we can better understand how new products and services might enrich the lives of our customers and so that product teams and leaders can align on where we're going and why we're going there. We focus on a 3–10+ year time frame, with the runway to invent and design category-defining products and transformational customer experiences. Working with Amazon business and technology partners, we use research, design, and prototyping to guide early product development, bring greater clarity to engineering goals, and develop a UX-grounded point of view. Our team is dedicated to unlocking new foundational capabilities in generative AI, guided by the thesis that embedding understanding through human factors, cognitive science, and socioeconomics is crucial to building AI systems that align with human needs. We place particular emphasis on the capabilities of simulacra through agentic systems and experiential/evolutionary learning, which we believe are vital to accelerating the development of AI as an aligned partner. Joining our team will give you the chance to drive key decisions that will impact the lives of millions of Amazon customers. Key job responsibilities You will be responsible for defining key research directions, adopting or inventing new machine learning techniques, conducting rigorous experiments, publishing results, and ensuring that research is translated into practice. You will develop long-term strategies, persuade teams to adopt those strategies, propose goals and deliver on them. You will also participate in organizational planning, hiring, mentorship and leadership development. You will be technically fearless and with a passion for building scalable science and engineering solutions. You will serve as a key scientific resource in full-cycle development (conception, design, implementation, testing to documentation, delivery, and maintenance). A day in the life We're looking for a Senior Applied Scientist to join the growing DDG Futures Design team. You thrive in ambiguity and paradigm shifts – remaking assumptions of how customers engage, devices operate, and builders create. You apply deep expertise that spans design, technology, and product, grounding state-of-the-art emerging technologies through storytelling and a maker's mindset. You learn and adapt technology trends to enduring customer problems through customer empathy, code, and iterative experimentation. You will wear multiple hats to quickly assimilate customer problems, convert them to hypotheses, and test them using efficient technologies and design methods to build stakeholder buy-in. You’ll help your peers unlock challenging scenarios and mature the design studio’s ability to deliver design at scale across a breadth of devices and interaction modalities. You will work around limitations and push capabilities through your work. Your curiosity will inspire those around you and facilitate team growth, while your hands-on, collaborative nature will build trust with your peers and studio partners.

Amazon Advertising is one of Amazon's fastest growing and most profitable businesses. Amazon's advertising portfolio helps merchants, retail vendors, and brand owners succeed via native advertising, which grows incremental sales of their products sold through Amazon. The primary goals are to help shoppers discover new products they love, be the most efficient way for advertisers to meet their business objectives, and build a sustainable business that continuously innovates on behalf of customers. Our products and solutions are strategically important to enable our Retail and Marketplace businesses to drive long-term growth. We deliver billions of ad impressions and millions of clicks and break fresh ground in product and technical innovations every day! The ADSP Forecasting team's vision is to build the best in class forecasting products offered by any DSP to allow advertisers to forecast campaign outcomes across the full market funnel. Our goal is to empower advertisers using Amazon demand side platform to make informed decisions by providing predictions and recommendations of supply and ad-performance. Our forecasting models and analytical solutions will also help internal teams (sales, PSC, supply desk etc) to gain insights into forecasted supply, demand and ad performance to make the best business decisions. The team comprises scientists and engineers who own end-to-end projects - data collection, analysis, ideation, and prototyping, to development, metrics and monitoring. The models and services are integrated directly with Amazon's Ads eco system and the forecasts are used to drive key business decisions at the VP/SVP level. We are a team of Applied Scientists and Engineers, who are passionate about solving technical problems in the Ad Forecasting space with models using Machine Learning, Bayesian Statistics, etc. You will join a group of highly talented PhDs with diverse background to design, prototype, and implement models to deliver impact directly to customers. You will have the opportunity to present your work in science communities and to leadership As a Applied Scientist on this team, you will: - Be the technical leader in Machine Learning; lead efforts within this team and across other teams. - Perform hands-on analysis and modeling of enormous data sets to develop insights that increase traffic monetization and merchandise sales, without compromising the shopper experience. - Drive end-to-end Machine Learning projects that have a high degree of ambiguity, scale, complexity. - Build machine learning models, perform proof-of-concept, experiment, optimize, and deploy your models into production; work closely with software engineers to assist in productionizing your ML models. - Run A/B experiments, gather data, and perform statistical analysis. - Establish scalable, efficient, automated processes for large-scale data analysis, machine-learning model development, model validation and serving. - Research new and innovative machine learning approaches. Why you will love this opportunity: Amazon is investing heavily in building a world-class advertising business. This team defines and delivers a collection of advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our solutions generate billions in revenue and drive long-term growth for Amazon’s Retail and Marketplace businesses. We deliver billions of ad impressions, millions of clicks daily, and break fresh ground to create world-class products. We are a highly motivated, collaborative, and fun-loving team with an entrepreneurial spirit - with a broad mandate to experiment and innovate. Impact and Career Growth: You will invent new experiences and influence customer-facing shopping experiences to help suppliers grow their retail business and the auction dynamics that leverage native advertising; this is your opportunity to work within the fastest-growing businesses across all of Amazon! Define a long-term science vision for our advertising business, driven from our customers' needs, translating that direction into specific plans for research and applied scientists, as well as engineering and product teams. This role combines science leadership, organizational ability, technical strength, product focus, and business understanding. Team video https://youtu.be/zD_6Lzw8raE

Amazon Advertising is one of Amazon's fastest growing and most profitable businesses, responsible for defining and delivering a collection of advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our products are strategically important to our businesses driving long term growth. We deliver billions of ad impressions and millions of clicks every day and break fresh ground in product and technical innovations! Amazon Demand Side Platform (ADSP) within Amazon Ads uses advanced algorithms and trusted data to automatically place relevant ads that drive sales for advertisers while creating a positive user experience. It is the middleman between advertisers and impression exchanges trading ad impressions via real time bidding. The goal of the algorithms is to optimally manage an advertiser‘s marketing budget. The ADSP Systems & Control Tiger (S&C) team within ADSP provides an expertise in algorithms, software, and data; and is charged to make system improvements near and far for the benefit of Amazon Demand Side Platform (ADSP). The majority of improvements are state-of-the-art and all improvements are based on sound system engineering principles. Solutions are implemented in collaboration with partner teams, by partner teams under the guidance of the S&C team, or by the S&C tiger team alone. Improvements involve feedback control algorithms, machine learning, statistical inference, and software development. The work is high-impact and deals with the most challenging scientific problems within ad tech. Key job responsibilities You will play an important role in advancing ADSP by developing new or improving old capabilities of the ADSP bidding engine. The solutions you develop will require careful attention to mathematics, data science, simulations, experimentation, and hypothesis testing. You will leverage the latest advances in feedback control engineering, machine learning, online optimization, nonlinear dynamics, bidding, and statistical inference, to name a few. You will develop mathematical models based on empirical data and first principles; and you will design, analyze, and test feedback and prediction algorithms to improve the bidding on impressions. As a well-rounded scientist, you will be involved in all steps necessary to develop optimization capabilities. This includes some amount of interaction with customers, a lot of science work, and a modest amount of software development. You hold an MS or PhD degree in feedback control, signal processing, operations research, or related fields; and you have a strong working knowledge in at least Python or Matlab, but ideally a solid knowledge with Object Oriented programming in Java. It’s a plus if you have experience in Database query languages such as SQL, Spark or PySpark. Most importantly, you are able to and have a strong interest in expanding your knowledge far beyond your current domain. You must be a team player and must feel comfortable to work with different teams as a cross functional contributor, in different systems developed by different teams. As an Applied Scientist III, you will * Be a technical leader in feedback control, machine learning, optimization, auction theory, and statistical inference within this team and across other teams * Develop, analyze, and implement feedback control and prediction algorithms, and machine learning models, and in collaboration with partner teams deploy algorithms/models into production. * Develop, design, and run A/B experiments, gather data, and perform statistical analysis. * Establish scalable, efficient, automated processes for monitoring and feedback. * Work closely with software engineers to assist in productionizing your work. * Research new feedback control, machine learning, and optimization algorithms for improved system performance and robustness. * Recruit Applied Scientists and Data Scientists to the team and mentor scientists on the team. About the team Why you will love this opportunity: Amazon is investing heavily in building a world-class advertising business. This team defines and delivers a collection of advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our solutions generate billions in revenue and drive long-term growth for Amazon’s Retail and Marketplace businesses. We deliver billions of ad impressions, millions of clicks daily, and break fresh ground to create world-class products. We are a highly motivated, collaborative, and fun-loving team with an entrepreneurial spirit - with a broad mandate to experiment and innovate. Impact and Career Growth: You will invent new experiences and influence customer-facing shopping experiences to help suppliers grow their retail business and the auction dynamics that leverage native advertising; this is your opportunity to work within the fastest-growing businesses across all of Amazon! Define a long-term science vision for our advertising business, driven from our customers' needs, translating that direction into specific plans for research and applied scientists, as well as engineering and product teams. This role combines science leadership, organizational ability, technical strength, product focus, and business understanding. Team video https://youtu.be/zD_6Lzw8raE

Amazon Advertising is one of Amazon's fastest growing and most profitable businesses. Amazon's advertising portfolio helps merchants, retail vendors, and brand owners succeed via native advertising, which grows incremental sales of their products sold through Amazon. The primary goals are to help shoppers discover new products they love, be the most efficient way for advertisers to meet their business objectives, and build a sustainable business that continuously innovates on behalf of customers. Our products and solutions are strategically important to enable our Retail and Marketplace businesses to drive long-term growth. We deliver billions of ad impressions and millions of clicks and break fresh ground in product and technical innovations every day! The Creative X org within the Amazon Advertising team and aims to democratize access to high-quality creative assets, including copy, images and video, by building and productizing generative AI-driven tools for advertisers. We are investing in latent-diffusion and DiT models, LLMs, computer vision, reinforcement learning, and image + video synthesis. The solutions we develop will be deployed for use by self-service advertisers and agencies, as well as available to premium brands that advertise on Amazon. We are seeking an experienced science leader who is adept at a variety of skills; especially in generative AI, computer vision, and large language models that will accelerate our plans to generate high-quality creatives on behalf of advertisers. The right candidate will be an inventor at heart, provide science leadership, establish the right direction and vision, build team mechanisms, foster the spirit of collaboration and innovation within the org, and execute against a roadmap. The leader will provide both technical direction as well as manage a sizable team of scientists. They will need to be adept at recruiting, launching AI models into production, writing vision/direction documents, and building team mechanisms that will foster innovation and execution. Key job responsibilities This role is focused on leading a science team focused on computer vision, latent diffusion models, and the related foundational models to product generative imagery and videos. Responsibilities include: * Drive end-to-end applied science projects that have a high degree of ambiguity, scale, complexity * Provide technical / science leadership related to computer vision, large language models, and generative image + video. * Research new and innovative machine learning approaches. * Recruit high performing Applied Scientists to the team and provide mentorship. * Establish team mechanisms, including team building, planning, and document reviews. Basic qualifications * 10+ years of building AI models for business application. * 4+ years of experience as a science leader or staff/principle level scientist. * PhD, or Master's degree and 4+ years of CS, CE, ML or related field experience. Preferred qualifications * Advanced degree in Computer Science, Mathematics, Statistics, Economics, or related quantitative field. * Published research work in academic conferences or industry circles. * Experience in building large-scale machine-learning models and infra for online recommendation, ads ranking, personalization, or search, etc. * Effective verbal and written communication skills with non-technical and technical audiences. * Experience working with large real-world data sets and building scalable models from big data. * Thinks strategically, but stays on top of tactical execution. * Exhibits excellent business judgment; balances business, product, and technology very well. * Experience in computational advertising.

Amazon Advertising is one of Amazon's fastest growing and most profitable businesses. Amazon's advertising portfolio helps merchants, retail vendors, and brand owners succeed via native advertising, which grows incremental sales of their products sold through Amazon. The primary goals are to help shoppers discover new products they love, be the most efficient way for advertisers to meet their business objectives, and build a sustainable business that continuously innovates on behalf of customers. Our products and solutions are strategically important to enable our Retail and Marketplace businesses to drive long-term growth. We deliver billions of ad impressions and millions of clicks and break fresh ground in product and technical innovations every day! The ADSP Forecasting team's vision is to build the best in class forecasting products offered by any DSP to allow advertisers to forecast campaign outcomes across the full market funnel. Our goal is to empower advertisers using Amazon demand side platform to make informed decisions by providing predictions and recommendations of supply and ad-performance. Our forecasting models and analytical solutions will also help internal teams (sales, PSC, supply desk etc) to gain insights into forecasted supply, demand and ad performance to make the best business decisions. The team comprises scientists and engineers who own end-to-end projects - data collection, analysis, ideation, and prototyping, to development, metrics and monitoring. The models and services are integrated directly with Amazon's Ads eco system and the forecasts are used to drive key business decisions at the VP/SVP level. We are a team of Applied Scientists and Engineers, who are passionate about solving technical problems in the Ad Forecasting space with models using Machine Learning, Bayesian Statistics, etc. You will join a group of highly talented PhDs with diverse background to design, prototype, and implement models to deliver impact directly to customers. You will have the opportunity to present your work in science communities and to leadership As a Applied Scientist on this team, you will: - Be the technical leader in Machine Learning; lead efforts within this team and across other teams. - Perform hands-on analysis and modeling of enormous data sets to develop insights that increase traffic monetization and merchandise sales, without compromising the shopper experience. - Drive end-to-end Machine Learning projects that have a high degree of ambiguity, scale, complexity. - Build machine learning models, perform proof-of-concept, experiment, optimize, and deploy your models into production; work closely with software engineers to assist in productionizing your ML models. - Run A/B experiments, gather data, and perform statistical analysis. - Establish scalable, efficient, automated processes for large-scale data analysis, machine-learning model development, model validation and serving. - Research new and innovative machine learning approaches. Why you will love this opportunity: Amazon is investing heavily in building a world-class advertising business. This team defines and delivers a collection of advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our solutions generate billions in revenue and drive long-term growth for Amazon’s Retail and Marketplace businesses. We deliver billions of ad impressions, millions of clicks daily, and break fresh ground to create world-class products. We are a highly motivated, collaborative, and fun-loving team with an entrepreneurial spirit - with a broad mandate to experiment and innovate. Impact and Career Growth: You will invent new experiences and influence customer-facing shopping experiences to help suppliers grow their retail business and the auction dynamics that leverage native advertising; this is your opportunity to work within the fastest-growing businesses across all of Amazon! Define a long-term science vision for our advertising business, driven from our customers' needs, translating that direction into specific plans for research and applied scientists, as well as engineering and product teams. This role combines science leadership, organizational ability, technical strength, product focus, and business understanding. Team video https://youtu.be/zD_6Lzw8raE

Amazon Advertising is one of Amazon's fastest growing and most profitable businesses, responsible for defining and delivering a collection of advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our products and solutions are strategically important to enable our Retail and Marketplace businesses to drive long-term growth. We deliver billions of ad impressions and millions of clicks and break fresh ground in product and technical innovations every day! Advertiser Growth Engine (AGE) team owns and builds services and applications across Amazon World-Wide Advertising that make advertising across multi-marketplaces as easy as flipping on a switch. We are focused on: (1) expanding Amazon Ads advertiser base, and (2) eliminating localization, operational, and marketplace knowledge gap barrier for Advertisers who advertise across multiple marketplaces. Our products and solutions are strategically important to enable our Retail and Marketplace businesses to drive long-term growth globally. As an Applied Scientist on this team, you will: - Work on end-to-end Machine Learning projects within the AdTech domain. - Perform hands-on analysis and modeling of enormous data sets to develop insights that increase traffic monetization and merchandise sales, without compromising the shopper experience. - Build machine learning models, perform proof-of-concept, experiment, optimize, and deploy your models into production; work closely with software engineers to assist in productionizing your ML models. - Run A/B experiments, gather data, and perform statistical analysis. - Establish scalable, efficient, automated processes for large-scale data analysis, machine-learning model development, model validation and serving. - Research new and innovative machine learning approaches. - Recruit Applied Scientists to the team and provide mentorship. Why you will love this opportunity: Amazon is investing heavily in building a world-class advertising business. This team defines and delivers a collection of advertising products that drive discovery and sales. Our solutions generate billions in revenue and drive long-term growth for Amazon’s Retail and Marketplace businesses. We deliver billions of ad impressions, millions of clicks daily, and break fresh ground to create world-class products. We are a highly motivated, collaborative, and fun-loving team with an entrepreneurial spirit - with a broad mandate to experiment and innovate. Impact and Career Growth: You will invent new experiences and influence customer-facing shopping experiences to help suppliers grow their retail business and the auction dynamics that leverage native advertising; this is your opportunity to work within the fastest-growing businesses across all of Amazon! Define a long-term science vision for our advertising business, driven from our customers' needs, translating that direction into specific plans for research and applied scientists, as well as engineering and product teams. This role combines science leadership, organizational ability, technical strength, product focus, and business understanding. Team video https://youtu.be/zD_6Lzw8raE

Interested in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Do you want to join the team that is building AI/ML features that will disrupt the industry? Do you enjoy dealing with ambiguity and working on hard problems in a fast-paced environment? Our team is leading the AI features of Amazon Connect. We are a team of scientists and AI/ML engineers working on multiple AI/ML projects, using state-of-the-art science and engineering practices to solve hard problems for our customers in the space of contact center operations, management and optimization. Amazon Connect is a highly disruptive cloud-based contact center that enables businesses to deliver engaging, dynamic, and personal customer service experiences. Amazon Connect is a publicly available service based on ten years of development building the tools Amazon itself uses to provide its award-winning customer service. With Amazon Connect, businesses can create their own cloud-based contact centers and begin taking calls in minutes. With this technology, we are transforming an industry and the way customers interact with businesses and how agents service them. We are looking for a Senior Applied Scientist (Machine Learning) with a strong academic background and industry experience in the areas of stochastic modeling, queueing theory, anomaly detection and optimization.