Recent honors and awards for Amazon scientists

Researchers honored for their contributions to the scientific community.

Kostas Bimpikis honored with the Revenue Management and Pricing Section Prize

Kostas Bimpikis, an Amazon Scholar working with Amazon Flex, won the 2022 INFORMS Revenue Management and Pricing Section Prize for the 2019 paper, “Spatial Pricing in Ride-Sharing Networks”.

Kostas Bimpikis profile pic
Kostas Bimpikis

The paper, coauthored by Ozan Candogan, professor of operations management at the University of Chicago, and Daniela Saban, associate professor of Operations, Information, and Technology at Stanford, was awarded for being “the best contribution to the science of pricing and revenue management published in English.”

The paper, published in Operations Research in 2019, explores “spatial price discrimination in the context of a ride-sharing platform that serves a network of locations.” The paper addressed the issue of location-based pricing and found that, by setting different prices across their networks, ride-sharing companies and drivers would benefit from more balanced demand patterns.

The award was presented at INFORMS 2022, the world’s largest operations research and analytics conference.

Bimpikis is an associate professor of Operations, Information, and Technology and a Winnick Family Faculty Scholar at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

Bimpikis, who joined Amazon as a Scholar in July 2020, also currently serves as an associate editor for Management Science, Operations Research, and Manufacturing and Service Operations Management.

Anton van den Hengel earns Pattern Recognition Journal’s Best Paper Award

Anton van den Hengel, Amazon director of applied science, has won Pattern Recognition Journal’s Best Paper Award for a 2019 paper on deep-learning architectures.

Anton van den Hengel is seen smiling into the camera, with some office buildings in the background
Anton van den Hengel

The paper, “Wider or Deeper: Revisiting the ResNet Model for Visual Recognition”, undermined conventional wisdom by demonstrating that increasing depth may not be the best way to improve the performance of a deep neural network. Van den Hengel, who was also a professor of computer science at the University of Adelaide, coauthored the paper with fellow university researchers Zifeng Wu and Chunhua Shen.

Since its publication, the paper has received more than 1,000 citations. The model published with the paper has been included in many primary deep learning packages and in MATLAB.

Van den Hengel joined Amazon as director of applied science in March of 2020. At Amazon, he leads a research team working in machine learning and computer vision, with specific focus on vision and language, as well as on natural language processing.

Van den Hengel was the founding director of the Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML), Australia’s first institute dedicated to machine learning research. He continues to work part-time as director of AIML’s new Centre for Augmented Reasoning, whose mission is to build core artificial intelligence (AI) capability in Australia.

Established more than 50 years ago, Pattern Recognition accepts papers that make original contributions to the theory, methodology, and application of pattern recognition.

Sergei Kalinin named an Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association fellow and winner of Foresight Institute Feynman Prize in Experiment

Sergei Kalinin, an Amazon principal research scientist, has been named a fellow of the Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association (AAIA).

Sergei Kalinin
Sergei Kalinin

The AAIA selected Kalinin for his “outstanding achievements in the area of application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in atomically resolved and mesoscopic imaging.”

Traditionally, mesoscopic imaging allows scientists to explore objects ranging from materials microstructure to organization of biological tissues. Kalinin applied mesoscopic imaging to guide the development of advanced materials for energy and information technologies.

Kalinin earned his master’s degree in materials science from Moscow State University in 1998. He went on to earn his PhD in materials science from the University of Pennsylvania in 2002. He spent nearly 20 years at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), where his initial research centered around scanning-probe microscopy methods for probing ferroelectric and energy materials, including batteries and fuel cells. In 2016, Kalinin began working on machine learning methods in electron microscopy for applications such as real-time image analytics, automated and autonomous microscopy, and direct atomic fabrication.

Kalinin left ORNL in March of 2022 to become a research professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. At that time, he also joined Amazon as a principal research scientist working on special projects. In addition to AI, his areas of interest include photovoltaics, physics, and electrochemistry.

Kalinin also has served on the board of directors of the Materials Research Society and in 2019 was a founding member of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Data Science. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society, Materials Research Society, the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing (formerly the American Vacuum Society).

The AAIA is a nonprofit, nongovernmental interdisciplinary organization of industries that use AI in their applications, such as computing, communication, medical, transportation, agriculture, and many others. Incorporated in Hong Kong in 2021, the organization’s primary mission is to help scientists enhance the development and application of AI through academic research, exchanges, conferences, publications, and other activities.

Additionally, Kalinin recently won the 2022 Foresight Institute Feynman Prize in Experiment for his work in nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology studies materials and systems by focusing on the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules at nanoscale, or less than 100 millionth of a millimeter.

Awarded annually since 1993, the Feynman Prize is named in honor of the pioneer American theoretical physicist Richard Feynman, who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1965 for his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics. Many nanotechnology advocates recognize Feynman’s 1959 lecture, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics”, as a seminal inspiration for the burgeoning field of nanotechnology.

The Foresight Institute Feynman Prize for Experiment is awarded for excellence in experimentation to the researchers whose recent work has most advanced the achievement of Feynman’s goal for nanotechnology. This goal centers around molecular manufacturing, which is the construction of atomically precise products through the use of molecular machine systems.

Vinícius Loti de Lima wins Brazil’s Best PhD Thesis Award

The Brazilian Computer Society has awarded first place in the XXXV Theses and Dissertations Contest (CTD 2022) to the doctoral thesis of Vinícius Loti de Lima, an Amazon applied scientist. His thesis was also awarded best thesis by the Brazilian Society of Operational Research and received honorable mention from the Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics.

Vinícius Loti de Lima
Vinícius Loti de Lima

The thesis, “Integer Programming Based Methods Applied to Cutting, Packing, and Scheduling”, studied solution methods for combinatorial optimization. The thesis proposed several general methods for deriving algorithms that are fundamental to computer science and operations research.

In the paper, de Lima applied his methods to many well-studied cutting, packing, and scheduling problems. He also proposed solutions to facilitate future research on two-dimensional cutting and packing.

Established in 1978, the Brazilian Computer Society (or SBC, for Sociedade Brasileira de Computação in Portuguese), is an educational organization dedicated to the advancement of computer science in Brazil. SBC is the largest computer society in South America and serves as a forum for researchers, students, and professionals in computer science and information technology.

On average, there are about 300 PhD defenses in computer science each year in Brazil. The Brazilian Computer Society chose 43 candidates for evaluation for the award.

In December 2021, de Lima earned his PhD in computer science from Universidade Estadual de Campinas in São Paulo. His primary research interests included the development of mathematical programming methods, combinatorial algorithms, and decomposition schemes to solve large-scale optimization problems of general relevance.

In April 2022, de Lima joined Amazon as an applied scientist on the capacity planning team. At Amazon, de Lima works on solving real-world optimization problems at scale, applying in practice the theories he developed during his doctoral research.

Gérard Medioni elected as NAI fellow

The National Academy of Inventors (NAI) has named Gérard Medioni, vice president, and distinguished scientist, AWS Applications, as an NAI fellow. Election as an academic fellow is the highest professional distinction awarded to academic inventors.

Gérard Medioni
Gérard Medioni

Medioni has spent more than 40 years researching computer vision and has received more than 52 patents for his work.

He joined Amazon in 2014 to lead the development of the “just walk out” technology for Amazon Go grocery stores. More recently, he has been working on Amazon One, a service that lets people use their palms as a contactless method to pay at a store, present a loyalty card, badge into work, or enter a stadium. He also led the development of the recommendation system for Amazon Style, Amazon’s first-ever physical store with clothing, shoes, and accessories for men, women, and kids.

Medioni, who earned his PhD in computer science from the University of Southern California (USC) in 1983, is also professor emeritus of computer science in the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. Medioni served as chair of the USC Viterbi Department of Computer Science from 2001 to 2007.

NAI aims to benefit society through recognizing and encouraging inventors with US patents, enhancing the visibility of academic technology and innovation, encouraging the disclosure of intellectual property, and educating and mentoring students.

The 2022 class of NAI fellows spans 110 organizations, with research and entrepreneurship that cover a broad range of scientific disciplines.

IFIP confers distinction of fellow to Rustan Leino

The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) has named Amazon senior principal applied scientist Rustan Leino as an IFIP fellow, its most prestigious technical distinction. Leino earned the honor in recognition of “outstanding contributions in the field of information processing.”

Rustan Leino
Rustan Leino

IFIP fellowship recognizes members who contribute significantly to driving innovation, conducting research, and developing industry in the information communications technology sector.

Leino works for Amazon Web Services (AWS) as a senior principal engineer in the Automated Reasoning Group (ARG).

At AWS, Leino’s work focuses on formal verification, programming languages, and software-correctness tools for software engineers.

Leino, who earned his master’s degree and PhD in computer science the California Institute of Technology, began his professional career in 1989 on the Microsoft Windows LAN Manager team, and worked at Microsoft for nearly three decades before joining Amazon in 2017. He was named a fellow by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 2016.

Established in 1960 under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the IFIP is a global organization for researchers and professionals working in information and communication technologies.

Leino is currently the chairperson of IFIP Working Group (WG) 2.3, “Programming Methodology.” He has been an active member of WG 2.3 for more than 20 years, serving as secretary for nine years and vice chair for six years. Other IFIP WG 2.3 members at AWS are Ernie Cohen, Rajeev Joshi, Serdar Tasiran, and Emina Torlak, as well as emeritus members John Harrison and Ken McMillan.

Association for Computing Machinery honors Matthew Lease as distinguished member

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) has named Amazon Scholar Matthew Lease as a distinguished member for Outstanding Scientific Contributions to Computing. Distinguished members are longstanding ACM members selected by their peers for specific, impactful work that has “spurred innovation, enhanced computer science education, and moved the field forward.”

Matthew Lease
Matthew Lease

Lease is one of 67 distinguished members named in 2022. Honorees are selected for their contributions in three separate categories: educational, engineering, and scientific. They must have at least 15 years of experience in computing, five years of professional ACM membership, and significant accomplishments in the field of computing. Distinguished members also have served as mentors or role models through guiding technical career development.

Lease is the head of the Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Human-Centered Computing at University of Texas (UT) Austin, where his research integrates AI with human-computer interaction techniques.

In addition, Lease is a faculty founder and leader of UT Austin’s Good Systems, an eight-year, university-wide initiative to design responsible AI technologies that include agency, equity, trust, transparency, democracy, and justice.

Lease, who earned PhD in computer science from Brown in 2009, has been at UT Austin since August 2009. As a professor in the School of Information, Lease has two principal research areas: information retrieval (IR) and crowdsourcing and human computation (HCOMP).

His IR research works to improve search engines through the development of new models and algorithms. His HCOMP works focuses on using machine learning to build hybrid systems that integrate AI and HCOMP.

Prem Natarajan and Sherief Reda named IEEE fellows

Prem Natarajan, vice president of Alexa AI, was elected to be a fellow of the IEEE Computer Society for his contributions to conversational AI systems, spoken language translation, and home voice-assistant systems.

Prem Natarajan.jpeg

The holder of ten patents, Natarajan leads the development of technical vision and operations strategy for Alexa.

Natarajan earned a master’s degree and PhD in electrical engineering from Tufts University, and completed the executive program in business administration and management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management.

He spent 17 years at Raytheon BBN Technologies, a subsidiary of defense and civilian contractor Raytheon Company. While at Raytheon BBN, Natarajan launched the company’s computer vision, human social-cultural behavior modeling, and document image-processing business lines.

Natarajan is on leave from his position as senior vice dean of engineering at the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. He also is the founding executive director of the USC Computing Forum.

The IEEE also elevated Amazon principal research scientist Sherief Reda to IEEE fellow for “contributions to energy-efficient and approximate computing.”

Sherief Reda
Sherief Reda

Reda’s research interests center around computer design optimizations, with focus on energy-efficient computing, electronic design automation of integrated circuits, embedded systems, and computer architecture.

He joined Amazon as a principal research scientist in July of 2021, working on optimization methods for supply chain systems. Amazon’s Supply Chain Optimization Technology (SCOT) team works on complex supply chain issues at the scale that Amazon requires.

After earning his PhD in computer science and engineering from the University of California, San Diego in 2006, Reda joined the faculty at Brown University. There he is a full professor of Engineering and of Computer Science. In addition, he leads Brown’s SCALable Energy-Efficient Computing Systems (SCALE) Laboratory. He has more than 135 publications, holds five US patents and has been a principal investigator (PI) or co-PI on more than $21 million worth of funded projects from federal agencies and industry.

John Preskill named to White House National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee

John Preskill, the Richard P. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology and an Amazon Scholar, was named as a member of the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee (NQIAC). He will be providing assessments and recommendations for the National Quantum Initiative (NQI) Act.

John Preskill
John Preskill

The NQIAC, which is comprised of leaders in the field from industry, academia, and federal laboratories, is tasked with providing an independent assessment of the NQI Program and to make recommendations for the president, Congress, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, and the NSTC Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science when they’re reviewing and revising the NQI Program.

In the announcement, Preskill was cited for research contributions that include “proving security of quantum protocols, proposing and analyzing methods for reliable storage and processing of quantum information, identifying universal properties of quantum entanglement in quantum many-body systems, and applying quantum information theory to quantum gravity and black holes.”

In 2000, he founded Caltech’s Institute for Quantum Information, which is now the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter.

Preskill is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and an American Physical Society fellow.

Preskill joined Amazon Web Service’s quantum computing research effort in June 2020 as an Amazon Scholar.

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Do you want to join a team of innovative scientists to research and develop generative AI technology that would disrupt the industry? Do you enjoy dealing with ambiguity and working on hard problems in a fast-paced environment? Amazon Connect is a highly disruptive cloud-based contact center from AWS that enables businesses to deliver intelligent, engaging, dynamic, and personalized customer service experiences. The Agentic Customer Experience (ACX) org is responsible for weaving native-AI across the Connect application experiences delivered to end-customers, agents, and managers/supervisors. The Interactive AI Science team, serves as the cornerstone for AI innovation across Amazon Connect, functioning as the sole science team support high impact product including Amazon Q in Connect, Contact Lens and other key initiatives. As an Applied Scientist on our team, you will work closely with senior technical and business leaders from within the team and across AWS. You distill insight from huge data sets, conduct cutting edge research, foster ML models from conception to deployment. You have deep expertise in machine learning and deep learning broadly, and extensive domain knowledge in natural language processing, generative AI and LLM Agents evaluation and optimization, etc. You are comfortable with quickly prototyping and iterating your ideas to build robust ML models using technology such as PyTorch, Tensorflow and AWS Sagemaker. The ideal candidate has the ability to understand, implement, innovate on the state-of-the-art Agentic AI based systems. We have a rapidly growing customer base and an exciting charter in front of us that includes solving highly complex engineering and scientific problems. We are looking for passionate, talented, and experienced people to join us to innovate on modern contact centers in the cloud. The position represents a rare opportunity to be a part of a fast-growing business soon after launch, and help shape the technology and product as we grow. You will be playing a crucial role in developing the next generation contact center, and get the opportunity to design and deliver scalable, resilient systems while maintaining a constant customer focus. About the team Diverse Experiences AWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying. Why AWS? Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses. Inclusive Team Culture Here at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness. Mentorship & Career Growth We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. Work/Life Balance We value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud.
US, WA, Bellevue
As an Applied Scientist in Amazon Fullfilment Technology, you will lead the development of agentic systems to assist with operational decision making and orchestration. You will work building full agentic systems leveraging multi-agent orchestration, tool use, memory, and action execution. You will train LLMs using a combination of rejection sampling approaches, SFT, continual post-training, and Reinforcement Learning (RL). These systems are deployed to Amazon buildings, and you will also work on rigorous offline and online evaluations. Your work will leverage the latest LLMs to develop capabilities for agentic reasoning, coding and analytics. You will also lead research projects to tackle unsolved problems, mentor interns, and author academic papers to summarize your findings for external publication. Key job responsibilities - Generating training and preference data for specific use cases (reasoning trajectories, tool traces) - Reward modeling and policy optimization for LLMs: DPO, IPO, RLHF/RLAIF with PPO/GRPO, rejection sampling. - Supervised fine-tuning on step-by-step trajectories and tool-use traces - Verbal Reinforcement Learning and Continual Learning - RL for LLMs, Offline RL and off-policy evaluation - Agentic memory/state management; episodic and semantic memory; vector search; grounding with RAG. - Evaluation: developing decision quality metrics, scaling LLM-based evaluations. About the team Amazon Fulfillment Technologies (AFT) powers Amazon’s global fulfillment network. We invent and deliver software, hardware, and data science solutions that orchestrate processes, robots, machines, and people. We harmonize the physical and virtual world so Amazon customers can get what they want, when they want it. Learn more about AFT: https://tinyurl.com/AFTOverview
US, WA, Bellevue
Are you driven by the challenge of solving complex problems that directly impact the safety and well-being of millions of Amazon Associates worldwide? Do you want to push the boundaries of AI to build innovative solutions that make workplaces safer and more efficient? If so, we invite you to join our WHS DataTech team as an Applied Scientist and take your career to the next level! At WHS DataTech, we leverage Large Language Models (LLMs), Computer Vision, and AI-driven innovations to develop industry-leading solutions that proactively enhance workplace safety. Our work spans real-time risk assessment, predictive analytics, and AI-powered insights, all aimed at creating a safer work environment at scale. As an Applied Scientist specializing in LLMs and Computer Vision, you will play a pivotal role in shaping our next-generation safety solutions. You’ll be at the forefront of innovation, designing and implementing AI-powered features that redefine workplace safety. Your work will drive strategic decisions, optimize system architecture, and influence best practices, ensuring our technology remains industry-leading. Key job responsibilities - Apply LLM model to analyze complex unstructured datasets and extract meaningful insights. - Collaborate with software engineers to implement and deploy machine learning (LLM or CV) solutions. - Conduct experiments and evaluate model performance, iterating and improving as needed. - Stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in machine learning and related fields. - Collaborate with cross-functional teams to understand business needs and identify areas for application of machine learning. - Present findings and recommendations to stakeholders and contribute to the overall research and development strategy. A day in the life Amazon offers a full range of benefits that support you and eligible family members, including domestic partners and their children. Benefits can vary by location, the number of regularly scheduled hours you work, length of employment, and job status such as seasonal or temporary employment. The benefits that generally apply to regular, full-time employees include: 1. Medical, Dental, and Vision Coverage 2. Maternity and Parental Leave Options 3. Paid Time Off (PTO) 4. 401(k) Plan If you are not sure that every qualification on the list above describes you exactly, we'd still love to hear from you! At Amazon, we value people with unique backgrounds, experiences, and skillsets. If you’re passionate about this role and want to make an impact on a global scale, please apply! About the team WHS DataTech is a multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers dedicated to building AI-powered solutions that improve workplace safety across Amazon. We work at the intersection of large-scale data, advanced machine learning, and computer vision, delivering innovations that enhance decision-making, streamline operations, and protect millions of associates worldwide. Our collaborative culture emphasizes scientific rigor, engineering excellence, and a strong mission focus on creating safer, more efficient workplaces.
US, CA, Pasadena
The Amazon Center for Quantum Computing (CQC) is a multi-disciplinary team of scientists, engineers, and technicians, on a mission to develop a fault-tolerant quantum computer. We are looking to hire an Instrument Control Engineer to join our growing software team. You will work closely with our experimental physics and control hardware development teams to enable their work characterizing, calibrating, and operating novel quantum devices. The ideal candidate should be able to translate high-level science requirements into software implementations (e.g. Python APIs/frameworks, compiler passes, embedded SW, instrument drivers) that are performant, scalable, and intuitive. This requires someone who (1) has a strong desire to work within a team of scientists and engineers, and (2) demonstrates ownership in initiating and driving projects to completion. This role has a particular emphasis on working directly with our control hardware designers and vendors to develop instrument software for test and measurement. Inclusive Team Culture Here at Amazon, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness. Diverse Experiences Amazon values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying. Mentorship & Career Growth We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. Work/Life Balance We value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud. Export Control Requirement Due to applicable export control laws and regulations, candidates must be either a U.S. citizen or national, U.S. permanent resident (i.e., current Green Card holder), or lawfully admitted into the U.S. as a refugee or granted asylum, or be able to obtain a US export license. If you are unsure if you meet these requirements, please apply and Amazon will review your application for eligibility. Key job responsibilities - Work with control hardware developers, as a “subject matter expert” on the software interfaces around our control hardware - Collaborate with external control hardware vendors to understand and refine integration strategies - Implement instrument drivers and control logic in Python and/or a low-level languages, including C++ or Rust - Contribute to our compiler backend to enable the efficient execution of OpenQASM-based experiments on our next-generation control hardware - Benchmark system performance and help define key performance metrics - Ensure new features are successfully integrated into our Python-based experimental software stack - Partner with scientists to actively contribute to the codebase through mentorship and documentation We are looking for candidates with strong engineering principles, a bias for action, superior problem-solving, and excellent communication skills. Working effectively within a team environment is essential. As an Instrument Control Engineer embedded in a broader science organization, you will have the opportunity to work on new ideas and stay abreast of the field of experimental quantum computation. A day in the life Your time will be spent on projects that extend functional capabilities or performance of our internal research software stack. This requires working backwards from the needs of science staff in the context of our larger experimental roadmap. You will translate science and software requirements into design proposals balancing implementation complexity against time-to-delivery. Once a design proposal has been reviewed and accepted, you’ll drive implementation and coordinate with internal stakeholders to ensure a smooth roll out. Because many high-level experimental goals have cross-cutting requirements, you’ll often work closely with other engineers or scientists or on the team. About the team You will be joining the Software group within the Amazon Center of Quantum Computing. Our team is comprised of scientists and software engineers who are building scalable software that enables quantum computing technologies.