What does the process look like?: A conceptual framework outlining a virtual simulation and simulator design process for instructional designers

Innovations in digital, interactive learning resources are increasingly being produced for online learning or e-learning. One area that is growing as a result of the increase in learning resources is computer-based simulations. Interactive computer simulations and simulators for education can offer similar traditional hands-on opportunities for learners to engage in learning activities. However, less is known about the design process for simulation and simulator creation as an instructional strategy. Using a method theory approach, this study adapted strategies from Tawfik et al.’s (2019) systematic literature review to deliberately select design-based research (DBR) principles and collect data for the study from a variety of scholarly theories, concepts, and practices for virtual simulation development to create a conceptual framework for instructional designers. The framework uses a mixture of canonical DBR models offers a new perspective on the simulation and simulator design and development process for instructional designers. Simulator designers should consider end-user needs and organizational contexts and goals, engage in multiple cycles of review and development, and integrate a range of experts to enhance the design and development process.